X Window System

X 윈도 시스템(X Window System, 흔히 X11, X라고 알려져 있음)은 유닉스 계열 운영체제에서 GUI 환경의 구현을 위한 소프트웨어와 네트워크 프로토콜이다. 현재 주로 X11버전을 쓰고 있으며 X.org에서 이를 오픈 소스 버전으로 구현하여, 레드햇을 비롯한 대부분의 리눅스 배포판에서 기본 GUI 시스템으로 사용되고 있다.

X 윈도 시스템은 서버와 클라이언트의 네트워크 모델을 지원하여 X 서버와 X 클라이언트가 서로 분리되어 작동되도록 설계되어 있다. 이 때문에 X 서버의 프로그램을 X 윈도 클라이언트가 이용할 수 있는 것이 큰 특징 중의 하나이다. X 윈도에서는 아이콘, 메뉴, 패널을 자유자재로 사용할 수 있게 해 주는 창 관리자와 오픈 데스크톱 환경으로 KDE, Gnome, Xfce 등을 사용할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다.

X11 이름인 이유?

What's the story behind the name “X11”?

The short version is that X11 was the first widely-disseminated version, and it turned out to be good enough to remain as-is for thirty years.

X is the X Window System, which at its core is a protocol; the number identifies the version of the protocol. X1 was released in 1984 inside MIT, and quickly evolved to X9 in 1985; an external port to RT/PC required a protocol change, so X10 followed shortly thereafter. At this point X “escaped” to other organisations, but its developers really wanted a more device-neutral re-design. DEC contributed to this, and released X11 in 1987. (This is a quick summary of Wikipedia’s history of X.)

The protocol itself is stable, because it’s device-neutral and extensible. As a result, there has been no absolute need for a new protocol version (X12); as Bob Scheifler put it when he presented version 11, “We don’t think it will ever change again, okay. There’s not gonna be a version 12.” The wide dissemination of X11 also means it’s harder to introduce a new protocol version, and instead, new features are introduced as extensions (sometimes jumping through hoops).

There are a number of limitations in X11, and there’s even an “X12” page (which isn’t about an actual X12 project, just a list of what it would have to do and relevant resources).

The successor of course is likely to be Wayland, which is developed by X developers.

As pointed out by Wilson, the letter X was picked as a follow-on to W, which was the windowing system of the V operating system.

X Desktop Group (XDG)

Environment variables

XDG_VTNR: Arch Linux now provides this by default. /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc will start your X session on XDG_VTNR, if the environment variable is set. Therefore, if you’re using Arch, stop reading here and update to at least xorg-xinit 1.3.2-3.

Check XDG VT number

if [[ $XDG_VTNR -ne 3 && $XDG_VTNR -ne 4 ]]; then
    echo "VT number is must be 3 or 4 (current: $XDG_VTNR)"
    exit 1
fi

Desktop environments and window managers for X11

Desktop environments and window managers for X11
DEs	Full-featured	GNOME, KDE, MATE
	Mid-range	Trinity, CDE, Xfce, IRIX Interactive Desktop
	Lightweight	EDE (FLTK), Etoile (GNUstep), LXDE (GTK) / Razor-qt (Qt), Mezzo, ROX, UDE, Sugar
	Shell	Unity, GNOME Shell, Cinnamon, KDE Plasma
WMs	Compositing	Compiz, Metacity, Mutter, KWin
	Tiling	awesome, dwm, i3, PWM, Ion, wmii, ratpoison, xmonad
	Stacking	amiwm, twm, cwm, mwm, FVWM, IceWM, Enlightenment, Blackbox, Fluxbox, Openbox, Window Maker, AfterStep, PekWM
Components		Window Manager, Window decorator, Dock, Title bar, Task bar, Notification Area, Pager
Related reading		Windowing system, Desktop environment, GUI widget, X Window System, X window manager, Virtual desktop, OpenGL, DirectX, GPU, Mouse, Keyboard, WIMP, GUI, Widget toolkit, Turbo Vision, Qt, GTK, AIGLX, XGL, Shell (computing), Painter's algorithm, Resolution independence

X Window System

Categories

Common (categories)

Implementation

Programming

X.Org

Spec

X11 Window System Protocol

Common Tools

Composite

Plugins

x11 apps

x11-utils

Applications

Ref

ETC

X11 이름인 이유?

X Desktop Group (XDG)

Environment variables

Check XDG VT number

Desktop environments and window managers for X11

Troubleshooting

OSX XQuartz 보안 연결

See also

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