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ANSI escape code

ANSI escape sequences are a standard for in-band signaling to control cursor location, color, font styling, and other options on video text terminals and terminal emulators. Certain sequences of bytes, most starting with an ASCII Escape and bracket character followed by parameters, are embedded into text. The terminal interprets these sequences as commands, rather than text to display verbatim.

ANSI sequences were introduced in the 1970s to replace vendor-specific sequences and became widespread in the computer equipment market by the early 1980s. They are used in development, scientific, commercial text-based applications as well as bulletin board systems to offer standardized functionality.

Although hardware text terminals have become increasingly rare in the 21st century, the relevance of the ANSI standard persists because a great majority of terminal emulators and command consoles interpret at least a portion of the ANSI standard.

How to use

이스케이프 시퀀스 덕분에 색상과 서식있는 텍스트를 표시 할 수 있습니다. 이러한 시퀀스는 이스케이프 문자와 다른 문자로 구성됩니다:

"<Esc>[<span style="color:red">FormatCodem"

In Bash, the character can be obtained with the following syntaxes:

  • \e
  • \033
  • \x1B

자주 쓰는 코드

Code

Description

Example

1

Bold/Bright

echo -e "Normal \e[1mBold"

2

Dim

echo -e "Normal \e[2mDim"

4

Underlined

echo -e "Normal \e[4mUnderlined"

5

Blink

echo -e "Normal \e[5mBlink"

7

Reverse (invert the foreground and background colors)

echo -e "Normal \e[7minverted"

8

Hidden (useful for passwords)

echo -e "Normal \e[8mHidden"

CSI (Control Sequence Introducer) sequences

Select Graphic Rendition

SGR parameters

SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) sets display attributes. Several attributes can be set in the same sequence, separated by semicolons. Each display attribute remains in effect until a following occurrence of SGR resets it. If no codes are given, CSI m is treated as CSI 0 m (reset / normal).

In ECMA-48 SGR is called "Select Graphic Rendition". In Linux manual pages the term "Set Graphics Rendition" is used.

Code

Effect

Note

0

Reset / Normal

All attributes off

1

Bold or increased intensity

As with faint, the color change is a PC (SCO / CGA) invention.

2

Faint or decreased intensity

aka Dim (with a saturated color). May be implemented as a light font weight like bold.

3

Italic

Not widely supported. Sometimes treated as inverse or blink.

4

Underline

Style extensions exist for Kitty, VTE, mintty and iTerm2.

5

Slow Blink

less than 150 per minute

6

Rapid Blink

MS-DOS ANSI.SYS, 150+ per minute; not widely supported

7

Reverse video

swap foreground and background colors, aka invert; inconsistent emulation

8

Conceal

aka Hide, not widely supported.

9

Crossed-out

aka Strike, characters legible but marked as if for deletion.

10

Primary (default) font

11–19

Alternative font

Select alternative font n − 10

20

Fraktur

Rarely supported

21

Doubly underline or Bold off

Double-underline per ECMA-48.

22

Normal color or intensity

Neither bold nor faint

23

Not italic, not Fraktur

24

Underline off

Not singly or doubly underlined

25

Blink off

26

Proportional spacing

ITU T.61 and T.416, not known to be used on terminals

27

Reverse/invert off

28

Reveal

conceal off

29

Not crossed out

30–37

Set foreground color

See color table below

38

Set foreground color

Next arguments are 5;n or 2;r;g;b, see below

39

Default foreground color

implementation defined (according to standard)

40–47

Set background color

See color table below

48

Set background color

Next arguments are 5;n or 2;r;g;b, see below

49

Default background color

implementation defined (according to standard)

50

Disable proportional spacing

T.61 and T.416

51

Framed

52

Encircled

Implemented as "emoji variation selector" in mintty.

53

Overlined

54

Not framed or encircled

55

Not overlined

58

Set underline color

Kitty, VTE, mintty, and iTerm2. (not in standard)
Next arguments are 5;n or 2;r;g;b

59

Default underline color

Kitty, VTE, mintty, and iTerm2. (not in standard)

60

ideogram underline or right side line

Rarely supported

61

ideogram double underline or
double line on the right side

62

ideogram overline or left side line

63

ideogram double overline or
double line on the left side

64

ideogram stress marking

65

ideogram attributes off

reset the effects of all of 60–64

73

superscript

mintty (not in standard)

74

subscript

90–97

Set bright foreground color

aixterm (not in standard)

100–107

Set bright background color

Colors

3/4 bit

Name

FG Code

BG Code

VGA1

Windows Console2

Windows PowerShell3

Visual Studio Code
Debug Console
(Default Dark+ Theme)

Windows 10 Console4
PowerShell 6

Terminal.app
(macOS)

PuTTY

mIRC

xterm

Ubuntu5

Black

30

40

0,0,0

12,12,12

0,0,0

1,1,1

Red

31

41

170,0,0

128,0,0

205, 49, 49

197,15,31

194,54,33

187,0,0

127,0,0

205,0,0

222,56,43

Green

32

42

0,170,0

0,128,0

13, 188, 121

19,161,14

37,188,36

0,187,0

0,147,0

0,205,0

57,181,74

Yellow

33

43

170,85,06

128,128,0

238,237,240

229, 229, 16

193,156,0

173,173,39

187,187,0

252,127,0

205,205,0

255,199,6

Blue

34

44

0,0,170

0,0,128

36, 114, 200

0,55,218

73,46,225

0,0,187

0,0,127

0,0,2387

0,111,184

Magenta

35

45

170,0,170

128,0,128

1,36,86

188, 63, 188

136,23,152

211,56,211

187,0,187

156,0,156

205,0,205

118,38,113

Cyan

36

46

0,170,170

0,128,128

17, 168, 205

58,150,221

51,187,200

0,187,187

0,147,147

0,205,205

44,181,233

White

37

47

170,170,170

192,192,192

229, 229, 229

204,204,204

203,204,205

187,187,187

210,210,210

229,229,229

204,204,204

Bright Black (Gray)

90

100

85,85,85

128,128,128

102, 102, 102

118,118,118

129,131,131

85,85,85

127,127,127

127,127,127

128,128,128

Bright Red

91

101

255,85,85

255,0,0

241, 76, 76

231,72,86

252,57,31

255,85,85

255,0,0

255,0,0

255,0,0

| Bright Green

92

102

85,255,85

0,255,0

35, 209, 139

22,198,12

49,231,34

85,255,85

0,252,0

0,255,0

0,255,0

| Bright Yellow

93

103

255,255,85

255,255,0

245, 245, 67

249,241,165

234,236,35

255,255,85

255,255,0

255,255,0

255,255,0

| Bright Blue

94

104

85,85,255

0,0,255

59, 142, 234

59,120,255

88,51,255

85,85,255

0,0,252

92,92,2558

0,0,255

| Bright Magenta

95

105

255,85,255

255,0,255

214, 112, 214

180,0,158

249,53,248

255,85,255

255,0,255

255,0,255

255,0,255

| Bright Cyan

96

106

85,255,255

0,255,255

41, 184, 219

97,214,214

20,240,240

85,255,255

0,255,255

0,255,255

0,255,255

| Bright White

97

107

255,255,255

255,255,255

229, 229, 229

242,242,242

233,235,235

255,255,255

255,255,255

255,255,255

255,255,255

8-bit

As 256-color lookup tables became common on graphic cards, escape sequences were added to select from a pre-defined set of 256 colors

ESC[ 38;5;⟨n⟩ m Select foreground color
ESC[ 48;5;⟨n⟩ m Select background color
0-  7:  standard colors (as in ESC [ 30–37 m)
8- 15:  high intensity colors (as in ESC [ 90–97 m)
16-231:  6 × 6 × 6 cube (216 colors): 16 + 36 × r + 6 × g + b (0 ≤ r, g, b ≤ 5)
232-255:  grayscale from black to white in 24 steps

The ITU's T.416 Information technology - Open Document Architecture (ODA) and interchange format: Character content architectures uses ':' as separator characters instead:

ESC[ 38:5:⟨n⟩ m Select foreground color
ESC[ 48:5:⟨n⟩ m Select background color

256-color mode — foreground: ESC[38;5;#m   background: ESC[48;5;#m

Standard colors

High-intensity colors

 0 

 1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 

 7 

 8 

 9 

10

11

12

13

14

15

216 colors

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

Grayscale colors

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

24-bit

As "true color" graphic cards with 16 to 24 bits of color became common, Xterm, KDE's Konsole, iTerm, as well as all libvte based terminals (including GNOME Terminal) support 24-bit foreground and background color setting.

ESC[ 38;2;⟨r⟩;⟨g⟩;⟨b⟩ m Select RGB foreground color
ESC[ 48;2;⟨r⟩;⟨g⟩;⟨b⟩ m Select RGB background color

Common Example 

function make_directory
{
    local dir=$1
    if [[ ! -d "$dir" ]]; then
        mkdir -p "$dir"
    fi
}

function print_message
{
    echo "$@"
}

function print_information
{
    echo -e "\033[32m$@\033[0m"  # Green
}

function print_warning
{
    echo -e "\033[33m$@\033[0m"  # Yellow
}

function print_verbose
{
    if [[ $VERBOSE -ne 0 ]]; then
        echo -e "\033[34m$@\033[0m"  # Blue
    fi
}

function print_error
{
    echo -e "\033[31m$@\033[0m" 1>&2  # Red
}

function check_code_or_exit
{
    local code=$?
    if [[ $code -ne 0 ]]; then
        print_error "An error has been detected: $code"
        exit $code
    fi
}

See also

Favorite site

References

  1. Typical colors that are used when booting PCs and leaving them in text mode, which used a 16-entry color table. The colors are different in the EGA/VGA graphic modes. ↩

  2. As of Windows XP ↩

  3. Until PowerShell 6 ↩

  4. Campbell theme.Used as of Windows 10 1709 ↩

  5. For virtual terminals, from /etc/vtrgb ↩

  6. On terminals based on CGA compatible hardware, such as ANSI.SYS running on DOS, this normal intensity foreground color is rendered as Orange. CGA RGBI monitors contained hardware to modify the dark yellow color to an orange/brown color by reducing the green component. ↩

  7. Changed from 0,0,205 in July 2004 Patch #192 – 2004/7/12 – XFree86 4.4.99.9 ↩

  8. Changed from 0,0,255 in July 2004 Patch #192 – 2004/7/12 – XFree86 4.4.99.9 ↩

  9. Bash_tip_colors_and_formatting.pdf ↩